Chiang's foreign minister, T. V. Soong, estimated that 12,000 tons of materiel could be delivered monthly by air from India if 100 C-47 Skytrain-type transports were committed to an airlift. A crash landing of a loaded C-109 inevitably resulted in an explosion and crew fatalities, earning it the nickname "C-One-Oh-Boom". The hump is a deposit of fat. I also hump my couch, the corner of my kitchen table, pillows, teddy bears, or just about anything I can. What causes a dowager’s hump? There, on the 40-acre (160,000 m2) site of the Hastings Jute Mill, Stratemeyer, now a lieutenant general and commander of all AAF forces in the CBI, established Hastings Army Air Base as the headquarters of the Army Air Forces India-Burma Theater, using a converted 8.5-acre (34,000 m2) mill building to house his headquarters, that of CBI Air Service Command, and ICWATC. [93][94], In June 1944, after the capture of the Japanese fighter base at Myitkyina and at the behest of Brig. In particular the lack of replacement tires and spare engines held down operations even after eight of the C-47s sent to the Middle East returned in August. Q: In a recent column, you referred to the “hump of toddlerhood.” Can you please explain further?. Flying over the Himalayas was extremely dangerous and made more difficult by a lack of reliable charts, an absence of radio navigation aids, and a dearth of information about the weather. [61][u] The 1st Ferrying Group was returned to ATC and redesignated the 1st Transport Group. [146][152], Between March and May 1945, the ICD carried the first American combat troops into China when it redeployed the two American regiments of the MARS Task Force from Burma. In Deutschland konnte sich Over the Hump ab dem 19. So far about 40% of those have received the first dose of either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine. [80] Despite the doubling of U.S. fighter patrols, similar interceptions on 20, 23, and 27 October shot down five more C-46s. [29] The expansion of bases resulted in the formation of eastbound Routes Easy, Fox, Love, Nan, and Oboe, and of westbound Route King. He lived to reach the very respectable age of 92 and became a good friend. He considered ICD's safety record to be his greatest achievement. [23] By June, however, the ABC Ferry Command had begun a greatly expanded wartime restructuring and would become the Air Transport Command on 1 July. Its high-altitude capability enabled it to surmount the lower mountains (15,000–16000 feet MSL) without resorting to the passes, but the type had a high accident rate and was unsuited to the airfields then in use. [160], The introduction in January 1943 of the Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express, a design modification of the B-24D heavy bomber, boosted tonnage figures. [95] On 1 July, ATC reorganized its nine wings worldwide into air divisions, and sectors into wings. “Performance reveals a hump-shaped pattern over the life cycle,” report the authors in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Robert S. McNamara created a statistical control section to create adjustable schedules that tracked the variable. Effective 1 March 1945, Tunner increased the number of flight hours required to 750, and dictated that all personnel had to be in theater twelve months to be eligible for rotation, which discouraged over-scheduling. Interesting. We’re over the first hump. Japanese interceptors blocked use of eastbound routes at lower altitudes and the C-54s were limited for the time being to freight movement within India or flights between the CBI and the continental United States. [13] Although never given command authority over aircraft or personnel, the officer responsible for the India-China Ferry was Brereton's chief of staff Brig. Flying from the Royal Air Force airfield at Dinjan, Lt. Col. William D. Old used a pair of the former Pan Am DC-3s to ferry 8,000 U.S. gallons (30,000 liters) of aviation fuel intended to resupply the Doolittle Raiders. Arthur Norden. The India China Division also had an operational training unit at Gaya[96] and used the service depots of the China-Burma-India Air Service Command at Panagarh, Agra, and Bangalore. Although C-47s had reinforced flooring and a wider door, they still required specialized loading equipment for much of the cargo needed in China and had a limited payload capacity. In addition, flying in the region was made more difficult by a lack of reliable charts, an absence of radio navigation aids, and a dearth of weather data. [17][f] The collapse of Allied resistance in northern Burma in May 1942 meant further diversion of the already minuscule air effort. Februar 2021 um 13:08 Uhr bearbeitet. [118][ao] C-87s and C-109s carried 15% of the tonnage without mishap. World War II pilot discusses his 69 missions flying C-54s over ‘The Hump’ Penn State alumnus Garrett "Mitch" Mitchell, age 97, who piloted C-54 Skymaster transport planes during World War II, logging 69 missions from India to China and back, talks about his experiences in the military. [44] Overuse of the small number of aircraft available, spotty maintenance, and a lack of spare parts led to numerous groundings until overhauls could be effected. Many overloaded planes crashed on takeoff after losing an engine or otherwise encountering mechanical trouble. Tunner immediately reinstituted military standards of dress, decorum (including inspections and parades), and behavior that had become slack in the previous year, for which he earned the nickname "Willie the Whip". I am still annoyed with the pitiful AH situation and Blizzard's related policy of indefinite realm life-support, but I … An example of the exasperating difficulties encountered by 10AF was its request for radio equipment for 20 early warning stations. The only defense provided came from three P-40s aloft on patrol, and six others which took off and gave pursuit. Das Album kam a… This idiom has several meanings: 1. over the most difficult part of something; past a midpoint of something, but not in relation to a particular age. September 1994 für 112 Wochen in den Charts halten (mit Unterbrechungen bis November 1996), wobei das Album 53 Wochen lang in den Top 10 und vier Wochen auf der Höchstposition stand. Porter recruited volunteer medics to parachute into crash sites to aid injured crewmen. These lows and highs were extreme, producing violent winds...and when those winds hit the immovable mass that was the world's tallest mountain range, they shot upward at startling speeds until they cooled and then rushed downward in terrifying drafts that hurled airplanes...earthward at stupefying rates of descent...Turbulence inside the cloud mass was severe; pilots reported being flipped upside down by gusts, while many others were unable to report anything because they went missing. [107][108][aj], Tunner also adopted two measures to lower the number of air mishaps due to inexperience and crew fatigue. [174], Still, American and CNAC pilots often flew daily on round-trip flights, and around the clock. Gen. Earl L. Naiden, who held that responsibility until mid-August. [8] The Japanese invasion of French Indochina closed all sea and rail access routes for supplying China with materiel except through Turkestan in the Soviet Union. Posted on April 21, 2020 June 4, 2020. [103] Each base was assigned both daily and monthly tonnage quotas to move over the Hump based on the type of aircraft it operated and its distance from the "Chinaside" airfields, as the crews referred to their destinations. [105] By January 1945, Tunner's division had 249 aircraft and 17,000 personnel. [111] Tunner also altered the personnel rotation policy of the ICD, which he saw as a major contributor to crew fatigue. 33 Days of Truth: Day 29. Even though only five sets were approved, and there was no delay in transferring personnel to operate them, the equipment was lost. [142] Supplying Matterhorn during the concurrent crisis did have the positive effect of increasing the resources and effort committed to the airlift, and recognition by all involved that ICD was the only agency that could efficiently handle the logistics. Lt.Col. Whether or not Tunner considered this a major accident is unknown. ICD was in charge of 60 AAF base units at some point between December 1943 and December 1945. Check out these Wednesday (the best day) quotes. In June, despite the fact that the British—and later the U.S. Army's Services of Supply—failed to complete construction of all-weather runways at Mohanbari and Sookerating,[71] the activation of the 28th,[z] 29th,[aa] and 30th[ab] Transport Groups proceeded, an attempt to expand the C-46's role to meet projected levels of tonnage. The Age introduced Dr Goeman, 25, in January, during week one of her internship. Cattle breeders in the southern United States developed Brahman cattle between 1854 and 1926. [45] The dismal results of the India-China Ferry to this point led to a proposal in Washington to turn over control of the operation entirely to CNAC, which would place U.S. military personnel in a combat area under foreign civilian control. Over the Hump. The group began with 75 transports, but thirteen were diverted to the Middle East en route to India. Over the Hump is the eighth regular studio album by European-American pop group The Kelly Family. Porter was killed in action on 10 December 1943, when his B-25 was set on fire by Japanese Zero fighters during a search mission and crashed at the Indian border trying to return to base. In October 1944, after Gen. Tunner took command of the India-China Division of Air Transport Command, increased numbers of C-54s, sometimes escorted by Allied fighters based at Myitkyina, greatly increased tonnage levels flown to China from India. On 16 July 1942 the "India-China Ferry Command" became an official command by order of the Tenth Air Force. The most interesting part, for me, of course is his involvement in the airlift over the Hump -- Himalaya -- to supply China durin Tunner was not an innovator for sure but he applied lots of modern day's management and problem solving skills in WW2 and era after. [115][am] An average of 332 flights to China was scheduled daily. The C-46s moved the 14th Division from five airfields in Burma, including a field at Nansin whose construction was completed December 4. [104], In Tunner's first month of command, although the ICD delivered 22,314 tons to China, it still incurred an accident rate of .682 per thousand hours of flight. Because C-47s and C-46s which landed in China were temporarily beyond ATC control, they were constantly being diverted for local emergencies by Chennault's and China Theater commander Lt. Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer's forces, disrupting the flight crew rest and aircraft maintenance schedules necessary to maintain tonnage. In late November he added two B-25 Mitchells to his small fleet from aircraft that had been consigned to a salvage field. But today, ICD's unique outfit probably would have made the story a trifle less stark. The Hump Hostel in Kunming is a laid back hostel with cheap beds and a cozy atmosphere. 50 & over: 12-15mi: 3: Single Speed: All Ages: 12-15mi: 3: Men’s Sport 29: 29 and under: 12 … Each station had a fresh maintenance crew trained for a specific service task, including engine run up, inspections, cleaning, technical repair, and servicing, a process that took nearly a full 24-hour day per aircraft to complete. Gen. Charles W. Lawrence, briefly commanded the division before it was disbanded on 15 November 1945. Flying over the Hump proved to be an extremely hazardous undertaking for Allied flight crews. [159] Also, performance specifications of the Douglas transports were not suited to high-altitude operation with heavy payloads, and could not normally reach an altitude sufficient to clear the mountainous terrain, forcing the planes to attempt a highly dangerous route through the maze-like Himalayan passes. The final change occurred on 1 August 1944 when the Air Transport Command discontinued the use of station numbers to identify its units and designated them as numbered "AAF Base Units" with parenthetical modifiers describing their function. By the time my grandmother died after breaking her hip at age 90, she had classic osteoporosis symptoms, including a severe forward bend in her spine—the “dowager’s hump,” as it’s called. Definitions by the largest Idiom Dictionary. A critical problem proved to be finding a cargo aircraft capable of carrying heavy payloads at the high altitudes required, and three types were tried before the opening of a low Hump route permitted the use of C-54s: C-47 and variants, C-46, and C-87/C-109. However, the DC-3 design's fuselage was so high off the ground that loading from most truck beds was difficult, and its narrow door and weak floor could not sustain heavy cargo. [113][al], Both the accident rate and the raw number of accidents decreased notably as a result of these measures with the exception of the C-87/C-109 types, which remained 500% higher than on the C-54. Getting through Wednesday means we're over-the-hump on the work week. While ICW was carrying more tonnage by virtue of having nearly ten times as many aircraft as CNAC (and half of those with a larger load capacity), the Chinese carrier was far more efficient in tonnage lifted per aircraft, by a factor of 2.5 to 1. Li, 2003, p. 16 & 19. The humpback has a distinctive body shape, with long pectoral fins and a knobbly head. [50][s] The India Air Task Force, the western combat force of the Tenth Air Force, was activated 3 October with nine squadrons, none of which was fully operational. Of the 62 that reached India between May and October, 15 were destroyed by the end of 1942. Apathy became widespread and morale dropped to a "dangerous point," with the feeling among the troops that as part of the Tenth Air Force, they were "illegitimate children". traduction over the hump dans le dictionnaire Anglais - Français de Reverso, voir aussi 'bend over',bind over',blow over',boil over', conjugaison, expressions idiomatiques Accompanying George was Col. Thomas O. Hardin, an aggressive former airline executive who had already been overseas a year as head of ATC's Central African Sector. A former test pilot and a Hump veteran, Capt. The most interesting cut is the duo's funky remake of Rod Stewart's "Maggie May." The final missions of the ICD, made after most of its attached organizations had departed, were the transporting of 47,000 U.S. personnel west over The Hump from China to Karachi for return to the United States. ‚Santa Maria‘ ist ein Paradebeispiel – ein Song, den man nicht immer erträgt …“[21], Im Hinblick auf die Verkaufszahlen listete Die Zeit das Album 2009 unter den 17 größten Alben aller Zeiten sowie auf Platz 1 der in Deutschland verkauften Alben. The unit moved to Chabua on 25 October and was given official status and allotted two C-47s and several L-5 Sentinel liaison planes for rescue pickups. [75][ad], Frustration at the failure of the ICW to meet the Trident goals led Arnold to dispatch another inspection team to India in September 1943, led by ATC commander Maj. Gen. Harold L. George. [185], Gen. Tunner's final report stated that the airlift "expended" 594 aircraft. [33] Aircraft continued to arrive in small increments through October with flight crews consisting of airline pilots holding Air Corps Reserve commissions who had been called up for active duty specifically for the India-China assignment, and navigators, engineers and radiomen from the AAF technical training schools. THE MAGIC WILL CONTINUE- We have lived, breathed and loved the race day magic of Over the Hump at Irvine Lake, and we continue to be passionate about serving the Orange, Riverside, Los Angeles and San Diego racers that are family, with a central location. Stratemeyer had been selected to go to the CBI more or less as an, Taylor writes that the British originally wanted 63 C-47s. Scorching heat and torrential rains of the summer monsoon completed the undermining of the ambitious goals. As a direct result of the unit's work, the percentage of saved personnel steadily mounted and with it the confidence and assurance of ICD flight crews.[182]. [100] On 6 January a particularly fierce winter storm blew across the Himalayas from west to east, increasing the time of westbound trips by one hour, and caused 14 CNAC and ATC transports to be lost or written off, with 42 crewmen missing, the highest one-day loss of the operation. IDC provided the C-46s of the mobile air transport squadrons and all of its China Wing C-47s to provide the necessary augmentation. The 7th and 308th Bomb Groups and 443rd Troop Carrier Group operated from India, while the 1st, 3rd, and 4th Combat Cargo Groups were based at Myitkyina. The capture of Myitkyina allowed ICD C-54s, which had ceiling limitations that precluded flying Route Able (the High Hump),[2] the regular use of a second, more direct route, designated Route Baker but unofficially dubbed the "Low Hump".[128][129]. Haynes was promoted to brigadier general and placed in command. The group was activated in India in March without personnel or equipment and was assigned to the operational control of the Tenth Air Force over the objections of the commander of ATC, who feared that its planes and crews would be steered into combat units, which did in fact occur at times. However, on 8 May 1942 the Japanese seized Myitkyina[d] and this, coupled with the loss of Rangoon, effectively cut Allied access to the Burma Road. [94][bc] At least 468 American and 41 CNAC aircraft were known lost from all causes, with 1,314 air crewmen and passengers killed. Mechanics serviced planes in the open, using tarpaulins to cover the engines during the frequent downpours, and suffered burns to exposed flesh from sun-heated bare metal. Both Sookerating and Mohanbari were due to have strong concrete runways capable of handling all aircraft, but neither was yet paved and monsoon rains made them inoperable. Loaded aircraft of the ABC Ferry Command were transited to and from Karachi carrying out both missions, and Tate remained in Karachi to coordinate their movements. [91] To illustrate the various organizational changes affecting the India-China airlift, the unit at Chabua under 10AF deployed overseas as the 1st Ferrying Group. After review by Gen. William D. Old and Air Marshal. [53][54] A third raid struck Chabua on 28 October but missed the field entirely. Kyphosis is a curvature of the upper spine that can happen to anyone at any age but is more common as we get older. World War II pilot discusses his 69 missions flying C-54s over ‘The Hump’ Penn State alumnus Garrett "Mitch" Mitchell, age 97, who piloted C-54 Skymaster transport planes during World War II, logging 69 missions from India to China and back, talks about his experiences in the military. Stilwell vigorously and successfully opposed the plan. [2] In the first 54 days of 1944, 47 transports were lost. [2] In addition to cargo, 33,400 persons were transported, in one or both directions. Das Album kam am 26. With a fleet of 410 C-46s augmenting the ICD, the tonnage lift capability over the Hump was predicted to become more than 86,000 tons per month. The good news is that parents can recover from not getting over the so-called "hump of parenting" on time. Tunner called for their replacement entirely by C-54s and plans were drawn up to increase the Skymaster force to 272 by October 1945 and 540 by April 1946. Because so many women used to have untreated bone loss, this bent-over posture (Kyphosis) was associated with older women. That the … [5] In Österreich (2-fach Platin im Januar 1996)[6] und der Schweiz blieb das Album jeweils über 60 Wochen in den Charts. – Manoj Arora, 'From The Rat Race To Financial Freedom'. Dieses enthielt erneut ausschließlich selbstgeschriebene Lieder. [r] Requests for more antiaircraft guns, a weather squadron, and radios and landline communications equipment for an early warning system were immediately approved but went unfulfilled for a variety of reasons. 6 (APO 629 New York) on 1 December 1943 when for flexibility ATC no longer fielded groups or squadrons as units. Both my personal and professional experience causes me to believe that the two most common reasons parents fail to get over the hump on time and … Finally over the hump, just in time for my birthday. It had originally sailed for the Philippines before 7 Dec 41 but had been recalled, reassigned, diverted and delayed since the start of the war. Yunnanyi (1338th BU), Kunming (1340th BU), Yangkai (1341st BU), Chanyi (1342nd BU), Luliang (1343rd BU), and Loping (1359th BU). [92] One transport was being lost for every 218 flights (an accident rate of 1.968 planes lost per thousand hours). New to racing, or just moving up from Kid’s 9-11 Over the Hump Class – plan to race. Originally referred to as the "India–China Ferry",[4] the successive organizations responsible for carrying out the airlift were the Assam–Burma–China Command[a] (April–July 1942) and the India-China Ferry Command (July–December 1942) of the Tenth Air Force; and the Air Transport Command's India-China Wing (December 1942 – June 1944) and India-China Division (July 1944 – November 1945). [178], The high number of losses resulted in the formation at Jorhat in July 1943 of one of the first search and rescue organizations, nicknamed "Blackie's Gang." The most common sources are degenerative diseases or muscle weaknesses. In my opinion the best chapter whas the one dealing with the practical difficulties of flying "over the hump", like the adverse weather, the logistics, the many mechanical problems of new aircraft types, how and when the Indian airbases were constructed and how the tonnage grew from a mere hundred tons a month to over 70.000 tons (!) Pilots were issued fleece-lined jackets, boots, and gloves to … Similarly, Headquarters Squadron, Eastern Sector, India-China Wing, established at Chabua on 16 September 1943 to administer the headquarters of the airlift, was redesignated the Headquarters Squadron, Assam Wing on 1 July 1944 when ATC reorganized itself into "divisions" and "wings"; and Squadron A, 1325th AAF Base Unit (HQ Assam Wing) on 1 August 1944.[91][98]. [183] Though supplemented by the opening of the Ledo Road network in January 1945 and by the recapture of Rangoon, the airlift's total tonnage of 650,000 net tons dwarfed that of the Ledo Road (147,000 tons). These positive Wednesday quotes will make your Wednesday hump day just a little more productive. He got over the hump, the hardest thing for a beginner to do, and although he knows better than to take anything for granted, it looks like it’s all downhill from here. Haynes was a fortuitous choice to be the airlift's first commander, as he had just completed an assignment as a key subordinate of Brig. It procured most of its officers, men, and equipment from the AAF, augmented by British, British-Indian Army, Commonwealth forces, Burmese labor gangs and an air transport section of the Chinese National Aviation Corporation (CNAC). Some exhausted crews flew as many as three roundtrips every day, particularly during the Hardin rotation policy. Here are just a few of the events happening locally the next few weekends. By November 1943 the number of required field modifications had risen to over 700. "India-China Ferry" was an unofficial descriptive of the system used in official correspondence, and not an organized command. It's embarrassing and I would hate for anyone to catch me but it feels so good I can't stop. Ice Skating. From this level the mountain wall surrounding the valley rises quickly to 10,000 feet (3,000 m) and higher. The original plan had been to haul fuel over the Hump for use by the Aquila Force, an advanced heavy bomber detachment of the Tenth AF intended to bomb Japan from eastern China. However from the outset the C-87s proved to be both difficult and very dangerous to handle and reinforcements were hard-pressed to keep up with losses. Es wurde ein großer kommerzieller Erfolg und führte zum Durchbruch der Band im deutschsprachigen Raum. [79] Japanese pilots referred to the shooting down of vulnerable transport aircraft as tsuji-giri ("cutting down a casually met stranger") or akago no te wo hineru ("twisting a baby's arm"). Roughly, its jurisdiction extended from Tezpur, India to Yunnanyi, China. The age profile mainly changed across cohorts rather than over time, with the performance increasing faster at younger ages. "Squadron B," within the Base Unit. Click to see full answer Regarding this, what is the hump on a Brahman? [m] Lt. Col. Julian M. Joplin, acting at the direction of Naiden, for all practical purposes commanded India-China operations until 18 August. Total deaths are likely to be in the range of 500/million (compare to NYC ~2,800/million, Sweden ~750/million) Death rates continue to be heavily tilted to elderly populations. See more ideas about over the hump, happy wednesday quotes, wednesday quotes.

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